Grapevine
Grapevine belongs to the botanical family of Vitaceae, and of all the tens of members of this family, the genre Vitis is the one having the highest importance for the production of wine (99%). Most of the world’s most popular grapes are from the European and Middle Eastern species called Vitis Vinifera (european group). Grape species indigenous to the Americas are Vitis Aestivalis, Vitis Labrusca, Vitis Riparia and Vitis Rotundifolia (four main species are related to wine production).
Wine grape varieties (the term "grape varieties" actually refers to cultivars rather than botanical varieties) represent only a small portion of the more than 8000 kinds of grapes. Each grape variety has its own unique combination of characteristics including color, size, form. Only a few grape varieties are suited to produce fine quality wine..
Wine grape varieties
| Grape variety | Colour | Areа (ha) | Synonym | Country |
| Airén | white | 390 000 | aidé, aiden, forcallada, forcallat, forcallat blanco, forcellat bianca, forcayat, laeren del Rey, layren, manchega, mantuo Laeren, Valdepeñera blanca, Valdepeñero, uva airén | Spain |
| Alicante Bouschet | black | 30 000 | Alicante-Henri Bouschet, Alicante nero | France, Algeria |
| Aligoté | white | 23 000 | alligotay, alligoté, blanc de Troyes, Carcairone blanc, Carcarone, Carchierone, Chaudenet gras, Giboudot blanc, Griset blanc, Mukhranuli, Pistone, Plant de trois raisins, Plant de Trois, Plant gris, Troyen blanc, Vert blanc | France, Switzerland |
| Ansonica | white | 12 000 | amsonica, ansolia, ansolica, ansoliku, ansora, ansoria, anzonaka, anzonica, anzulu, arba solika, erba insolika, inselida, ilnsolia, insolia di Palermo, inzolia parchitana, nsolia, nsuolia, nzolia bianca, nzolia di Lipari, nzolia di Palermo, soria, zolia bianca | Italia |
| Aramon noir | black | 15 000 | Pisse-Vin, Ugni noir | France, Algeria |
| Bobal | black | 92 630 | Bobos | Spain |
| Cabernet franc | black | 44 000 | achéria, arrouya pro parte, bidure, boubet, bouchet, bouchy, breton, cabernet blanc, cabernet d'Aunis, cabernet franco, cabernet frank, cabernet gris, capbreton rouge, carbenet, carbouet, carmenet, couahort pro parte, gamay de Ricenay, gros bouchet, gros cabernet, grosse vidure, kaberne frank, messanges rouge, noir dur, petite vigne dure, plant breton, plant de l'abbé Breton, plant des sables, trouchet noir, véron, véronais | France, Italia |
| Cabernet-sauvignon | black | 100 000 | bidure, burdeos tinto, bordeaux, bordo, bouchet, breton, cabernet petit, carbouet, carmenet, castet, kaberne sovinjon, lafet, lafite, marchoupet, navarre, petit bouchet, petit cabernet, petite parde, petite vidure, sauvignon rouge, sauvignonne, vaucluse, veron, vidure sauvignonne | France, Italia |
| Cardinal | black | 28 000 | Apostoliatiko, Rannii Carabournu | Spain, Romania |
| Carignan | black | 250 000 | babonenc, babounenc, blauer carignan, bois de fer, bois dur, bove duro di Spagna, cagnolaro tinto, calignan, carignano, carignan Mouillan, carineña, carignan noir, carignane noire, carignane, carignane Mouilla, carignane Violette, carignano, carignano di Carmignano, carinena, catalan, Crujillón, Crusillo, Crusillo y Samso, girarde, grenache du Bois dur, karinjan, kek Carignan, kerrigan, legno Duro, legno Duro di Portoferraio, manueolo Tinto, marocain, mataro, mazuela, mazuelo, mollard, monestel, mounestéou, pinot Evara, pinot d'Evora, plant d'Espagne, plant de Lédenon, pokovec, roussillonen, samso Crusillo, shopatna Blau, tinto mazuela, uva di Spagna | France, Spain |
| Catarratto bianco comune | white | 64 980 | - | Italia |
| Catarratto bianco lucido | white | 15 000 | catarratto bianco lustro, castellaro | Italia |
| Cayetana blanca | white | 10 700 | Cayetana, Calegrano | Spain |
| Cereza | black | 38 000 | Cereza italiana | Argentina |
| Chardonnay | white | 100 000 | arboisier, arnaison Blanc, arnoison, aubaine, auvergnat Blanc, auvernas Blanc, auvernat Blanc, auxeras, auxeras blanc, auxerrois blanc, auxois blanc, bargeois blanc, beaunois, blanc de Champagne, Breisgauer Süßling, Chablis, chardenay, chardenei, chardenet, chardennet, chardonnay blanc, chardonnet, chatenait, chatey Petit, chaudenay, chaudenet, Clävner, Clevner weiss, epinette blanche, epinette de Champagne, ericey Blanc, Fehér Burgundi, Fehér Chardonnay, Feinburgunder, gamay blanc, Gelber Burgunder, Gelber Weißburgunder, gentil blanc, grosse Bourgogne, Klawner, Klevanjka Biela, Klevner, lisant, luisant, luizannais, luizant, luzannois, Mâconnais, maurillon blanc, melon blanc, melon d´Arbois, moreau blanc, Morillon, morillon Blanc, moulon, noirien blanc, Obaideh, Petit Chatey, Petite Sainte-Marie, Pineau Blanc Chardonnay, pino Sardone, Pinot Blanc (by mistake), Pinot Chardonnay, plant de Tonnerre, romeret, rousseau, roussot, sardone, shardonne, Weißer Ruländer | France, USA, Germany |
| Chasselas | white | 35 000 | Chasselas, Gelber Moster, Chaslie, Fendant | Romania, Ungerland, Germany, Switzerland |
| Chelva | black | 10 711 | Gabriela, Guarena | Spain |
| Chenin blanc | white | 54 000 | anjou, blanc d´Aunis, capbreton blanc (France, Landes), confort, coué fort, cruchinet (France, south-west), cugnette, fehér Chenin, franc Blanc, franche, Gamet blanc (France, Aveyron), goût fort, luarskoe, pineau d´Anjou, pineau de Briollay, pineau de la Loire, pineau de Savennières, pineau Gros, pineau Gros de Vouvray, pineau Nantais, plant de Brézé, plant de Salces, plant de Salles, plant du Clair de Lune, quefort (New Zealand), rajoulin, rouchalin, rougelin, steen (South of Africa), stein, tête de Crabe, vaalblaar Stein et verdurant | South of Africa, France |
| Cinsaut | black | 45 000 | black Malvoisie, blue Imperial, boudalès, bourdalès, bourdelas, calabre, chainette, cincout, cinsanet, cinsault, cinquien, cinq-Sao, cinqsaut, Œillade, Espagne, espagnol, froutignan, gros de Lacaze, gros Marocain, hermitage (en Afrique du Sud), Kara Takopoulo, madiran du Portugal, marroquin, marrouquin, maurange, mavro Kara Melki, mihau, milhaud du Pradel, morterille Noir, negru de Sarichioi, ottavinello, ottavianello (Apulia, Italia), papadou, pampous, passerille, picardan Noir, piquepoul d’Uzés, pis de Chèvre rouge, plant d’Arles, poupo de Crabe, pousse de Chèvre, prunaley, prunella, prunellas, samsó, senso, ulliaou, ulliade Noire | France, Italia |
| Colombard | white | 29 600 | French Colombard, Colombar | USA, Suth of Africa |
| Concord | black | 30 000 | Dalmadin, Furmin noir | USA, Canada |
| Criolla grande | black | 35 000 | Criolla, Criolla Sanjuanina | Argentina |
| Crljenak Kaštelanski | black | 42 000 | Primitivo, Zinfandel, Uva delle Pergloa, Blauer Scheuchner | Croatia, Italia, USA, Mexico, South of Arfica |
| Fernão Pires | white | 23 600 | Maria Gomes, Gaeiro | Portugal, South of Africa |
| Gamay | black | 40 000 | Gamay noir à jus blanc, Bourguignone Noir | France, Switzerland |
| Garganega | white | 13 050 | Garganega Bianca, Garganega Biforcuta | Italia |
| Gewürztraminer | white | 8 000 | Traminer, Noirer Traminer, Gelber Traminer, Savagnin rose aromatique | France, USA, Germany, Italia |
| Grenache blanc | white | 14 500 | garnacha blanca, garnatxa blanca, grenash beli, silla blanc | France, Spain |
| Grenache noir | black | 240 000 | alicante, alicante de Pays, alicante Grenache, alicantina, aragonais, aragonés, bois jaune, cannonaddu, cannonau, cannonao, cannono, carignane Rousse, gironet, garnacha, garnacha del País, garnacha Negra, garnacha Tinta, garnacho, garnaxa, garnaxo, grenache Rouge, guarnaccia, lladoner, mencida, navarra, navarre de la Dordogne, ranconnat, redondal, retagliadu Nieddu, rivesaltes, rivos-Altos, roussillon, roussillon Tinto, rouvaillard, Sans Pareil, Santa Maria de Alcantara, Tinta, Tinta Menuda, Tinto, Tinto de Navalcarnero, Tintore di Spagna, Tocai Rosso | Spain, USA |
| Grüner Veltliner | white | 17 500 | Blancgipfler | Austria, Ungerland |
| Kadarka | black | 30 000 | Blaue Ungarische, Gamza | Ungerland, Serbia |
| Macabeo | white | 47 000 | Maccabeu, Viura | Spain, France |
| Malbec | black | 18 000 | Auxerrois, Côt noir | Argentina, France |
| Melon de Bourgogne | white | 13 000 | biaune, bourgogne blanche, bourgogne vert, bourguignon blanc, feuille ronde, gamay blanc, gros auxerrois, grosse Sainte-Marie, malin blanc, melon, melon blanc, melon de Bourgogne, muscadet, perry, petit muscadet, petite bourgogne, pétoin, pétouin, pourrisseux, roussette basse | France, USA |
| Mencia | black | 11 300 | Jaén du Dão, Loureiro | Spain, Portugal |
| Merlot | black | 190 000 | bégney, bigney, bigney rouge, crabutet, langon, médoc noir, merlau, merle petite, merlô, merlot noir, merlott, odzalesi, petit Merle, plant du Médoc, plant Médoc, Saint-Macaire, sème de la Canau, sème Dou Flube, sémillon Rouge, semilhoun rouge, vitraille | France, Italia, Switzerland, Chile |
| Mourvèdre | black | 85 000 | Monastrell, Moristel, Mataro | Spain, France |
| Muscat blanc à petits grains | white | 45 000 | bela dinka, beli muskat, bily muskatel, blanche douse, brown muscat, franczier veros muscatel, frontignac, Gelber Muskateller, Gelber Weihrauch, Katzendreckler, moscata bianca, moscatel branco, moscatel castellano, moscatel commun, moscatel de bago muido, moscatel de grano menudo, moscatel de grano pequeno, moscatel do Douro, moscatel fino, moscatel galego, moscatel menudo blanco, moscatel morisco, moscatel nunes, moscatello bianco, moscato bianco commune, moscato d'Asti, moscato del Colli Euganei, moscato di Canelli, moscato di Montalcino, moscato di Sardegna, moscato di Trani, moscatofilo, moschato, moschato aspro, moschato leuko ou moschato lefko, moschato samou, moschoudi, moschoudi proimo, moscovitza, muscat blanc, muscat blanc commun, muscat blanc du Valais, muscat d'Alsace, muscat de Die, muscat de Frontignan, muscat de Lunel, muscat de Samos, muscat psilo, muscat quadrat, muskat beli, muskuti, uva de Cheiro, uva moscatello, Weihrauch, Weiße Muskattraube, Weißer Muskateller, White Frontignan, Zoruna | France, Bulgaria |
| Muscat of Alexandria | white | 50 000 | Acherfield's early muscat, albillo de Toro, angliko, Alexander Muskat, Alexandriai Muskotály, Alexandriski muscat, Angliko, Apostoliatiko, Argelino, Augibi Blanc, Augibi Muscat, Bowood Muscat, Broccula, Charlesworth tokay, Damaszkuszi muskotály, Daroczy musko, Englesiko, Gerosolimitana Bianca, Gordo, Hanepoot (Bezeichnung in Südafrika), Hbiqui, Isidori, Iskendiriye Misketi, Jubi, Kabrija, Lexia, Malaga Blanc, Malakay, Meski, moscatel de Alejandria, moscatel de Chipiona, moscatel de España, moscatel de Grano Gordo, moscatel de Jesus, moscatel de Lanzarote, moscatel de Málaga, moscatel de Samso, moscatel de Setúbal, moscatel de Valencia, moscatel Flamenco, moscatel Gordo ou moscatel Gordo Blanco, moscatel Real, moscatel Roma ou moscatel Romano, moscatellone, moscato di Alessandria, moscato di Calabria, moscato di Pantellaria, muscat à gros grains, muscataiu, muscat bowood, muscat d'Espagne, muscat de Kelibia, muscat de Raf-Raf, muscat de Sagunto, muscat de Salé, muscat llansa, muscat romain, panse musquée, raisin de Málaga, raisin du Husaco, Ryton muscat, Salamanca, Salamanna, Salamonica, Seralamanna, Smirnai szagos, Tamâioasa de Alexandria, Tottenham Park muscat, Tynningham muscat, Uva aceituna, White Hanepoot, White musat of Alexandria, Zibibbo, Zibibbo de Pantellaria, Zibibbu di Sicilia | Morocco, Australia |
| Müller-Thurgau | white | 45 000 | Rivaner, Riesling-Silvaner | Germany, Austria |
| Nuragus | white | 8 667 | Abbondosa, Granazza | Italia |
| Palomino | white | 35 000 | Listán blanco, Perrum | Spain, Mexico |
| Pardillo | white | 51 700 | Cayatano, Pardilla | Spain |
| Parellada | white | 10 400 | - | Spain |
| País | black | 52 000 | Misión, Mission | Chile, Mexico |
| Pedro Ximénez | white | 21 000 | Pedro Jiménez | Spain, Australia |
| Pinot blanc | white | 17 000 | Pinot bianco, Blancer Klevener | Italia, Germany |
| Pinot gris | white | 15 000 | affumé, arnoison gris, auvergnas gris, auvernat gris, auxerrat, auxerrois gris, auxois, burgundske sede, burot ( robe de bure), druser, fauvet, friset, fromenteau gris, fromentot, Grauburgunder, Grauclevner, Grauer Mönch, gris cordelier, gris de Dornot, griset, levraut, malvoisie, malvoisien, Mauserl, moréote gris, moréote gris rouge, muscade, ouche cendrée, petit gris, pinot Beurot, pinot cendré, Pinot grigio, roter Burgunder, ruhlandi, rulandac sivi, ruländer, szürkebarát, Speyrer, Tokay d'Alsace, Viliboner | Germany, Romania, Italia |
| Pinot meunier | black | 15 000 | auvernat gris, auvernat meunier, blanc meunier, blanche feuille, carpinet, cerny mancujk, crédinet, farineux noir, fernaise, frésillon, fromenté, Frühe blaue Müllerrebe, goujeau, gris meunier, meunier, meunier gris, Miller Grape, Miller´s Burgundy, Molnar Toke, Molnar Toke Kek, Molnarszölö, Morillon Tacone, Morone Farinaccio, Moucnik, Müllerrebe, noirin enfariné, noirien de Vuillapans, pineau meunier, Pino Meine, Pinot Negro, Plant de Brie, plant meunier, plant munier, Postitschtraube, Rana Modra Mlinaria, Rana Modra Mlinarica, resseau, Riesling Noir, sarpinet, Schwarzriesling, trézillon et Wrotham Pinot | France, Germany |
| Pinot noir | black | 60 000 | Spätburgunder, Blauer Burgunder | France, Germany, USA |
| Blauer portugieser | black | 15 000 | autrichien, badener, blaue feslauertraube, portugais bleu, bonnette, feslauer, früher blauer portugieser, kék oporto (Ungerland), kék portugiezi, mavrona rana, modrý Portugal (Czech Republic), modra Portugalka (Slovenia), oporto (Romania), oportorebe, portgieser, portoghese, portohese nero, portugaljka (Croatia), portugiz, portugizac Crni, portugieser, portuguêz azul (au Portugal), rana modra, rana modra kraljevina, vöslauer | Germany, Ungerland |
| Riesling | white | 60 000 | Donauriesling, gentile aromatique petracine (Moselle, France), Gewürtztraube, Gräfenberger, Hochheimer, Johannisberger, Karbacher Riesling, Kastellberger, Kleinriesler, Kleinriesling, Klingenberger, Moselriesling, Niederländer, petit rhin (en Suisse), petit riesling, Pfefferl, Reno, Reynai, Rheingauer, Rheinriesling, Riesler, Riesling blanc, Riesling renano, Riesling renano bianco, Rieslinger, Risling rejnski, Rizling, Rössling, Rösslinger, Weißer Riesling (right), White Riesling | Germany, France, Australia |
| Rkatsiteli | white | 40 000 | Rkaziteli, Baiyu | Georgia, Bulgaria, China |
| Sangiovese | black | 96 000 | Brunello, Nielluccio | Italia, France |
| Sauvignon blanc | white | 45 000 | blanc doux, blanc fumé, douce blanche, feigentraube, fié, fumé blanc, gros sauvignon, libournais, Muskat-Sylvaner (ou Muskat-Silvaner), muskatani sivanec, punechon, puinéchou, punéchou, rouchelin, sarvonien, sauternes, sauvignon blanc, sauvignon fumé, sauvignon saune, sauvignon petit, savagnou, savignon, servonien, sovinjon, sovinon, surin, sylvaner musqué, weisser sauvignon | France, Chile, New Zealande |
| Sémillon | white | 34 000 | Green Grape, Hunter River Riesling | France, Chile |
| Sylvaner | white | 12 000 | arvine, arvine grande, augustiner weiss, beregi szilvani, bötzinger, clozier, cynifadl zeleny, cynifal, fliegentraube, frankenriesling, frankentraube, füszeres szilvani, gamay blanc, gentil vert, Gros-Rhin, grünedel, grünfränkisch, Grüner Silvaner, Häusler Schwarz, mishka, momavaka, monterey riesling, moravka, movavka, muschka, mushza, musza, nemetskii Rizling, Österreicher, Pepltraube, picardon blanc, picardou blanc, plant du Rhin, Rhin, Rundblatt, salfin, salfine bely, salvaner, salviner, scharvaner, scherwaner, schönfeilner, schwäbler, schwübler, sedmogradka, sedmogradska zelena, selenzhiz, selivan, silvaner, silvanske zelene, sonoma riesling, Sylvaner Verde, sylvan zeleny, szilvani feher, Juhannish, tschafahnler, yesil Silvaner, zelencic, zeleny, zierfandl, zierfandler, zierifandel, zinifal, zöld szilvani et zöldsilvani | Germany, France |
| Syrah | black | 95 000 | antournerein Noir, balsamina, biaune, candive, entournerin, hermitage (Australia), hignin Noir, marsanne Noire, neretto di Saluzzo, petite Syras, schiras, sérène, serine ou serinne, shiraz, sirac, syra | France, Spain, Australia, South of Africa |
| Tempranillo | black | 100 000 | arganda, cencibel chinchillana, chinchillano, jacibiera, jacivera, negra de Mesa, Ribera del Duero, tempranillo de Perralta, tempranillo de Rioja, tinto del País, tinto fino, tinta del Toro, tinto de Madrid, tinto Riojano, vid de Aranda, ull de Llebre, verdiell, aragonés, tinta aragonés, tinta Roriz, tinta de Santiago, tinta Montereiro, tinta Santiago, aldepenas, valdepenas, escobera, garnacho, foño, jaciuera | Spain, Portugal |
| Trebbiano | white | 223 200 | Ugni Blanc | France, Italia |
| Welschriesling | white | 35 000 | Riesling italico, Olaszrizling | Romania, Ungerland |
| Xarel-Lo blanc | white | 10 000 | Xarello, Jaén Blanco | Spain, Portugal |
Source:
- VINIFLHOR http://www.onivins.fr
- Wikipedia
